SECOND - LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODS.

Approach: Different theories about the nature of language and how languages are learned.

• Method: Imply different ways of teaching language.
  
• Technique: Different methods make use of different kinds of classroom activities.

Method and Approach:
The Grammar-Translation Method.
It is Conductivism because in this method, people only have to memorize vocabulary and grammar rules and then translate. Also, classes are taught in the students' mother tongue, with little active use of the target language. Little attention is paid to the content of texts or to pronunciation. People who practice this method can develop the “write and read” skills. On the other hand, this method is used in Adults because they have the ability to manage grammar patter since that grammar patters are abstract concepts that are very impossible to learn by children. Besides, the intelligence develop is the linguistics of course in a higher degree and the learning style is Authority oriented learners because they need a teacher explanation in order to give them.
The Audio-lingual Method:
This method is very important because in English repetition drills are needed to get a perfect pronunciation. An advantage is the use of visual aids such as: slides, videos, tapes and so on. Grammar is taught inductively and students develop the four skills in order: listening, speaking, reading and writing. The most common activity uses in this method is the dialogue.
The Silent Way:
The goal in this method is near – native fluency, correct pronunciation, basic practical knowledge of the grammar of the L2. The teacher should be silent as much as possible and the teacher should give only what help is necessary. In this method the learners are: Independent, autonomous, and responsible. Some advantages in this method are: Cooperative learning between individuals and the self-esteem of the students will be increased and this will enhance learning.
Suggestopedia:
It is attempt to teach memorization technique and is not devoted to the far more comprehensive enterprise of language acquisition. it is important because suggestopedia gives as a more comfortable way to teach and to learn trough relaxed states of mind. In addition, this method is similar to yoga and music is an important part of this and it has aported some techniques such as: the use of vocabulary, reading, etc.
Total physical Respond:

It is based upon the way that children learn their mother tongue. It involves listening and comprehension in combination with various “physical responses”. About grammar, the teachers introduce the grammar as a game, it can be used for learning: Vocabulary connected with actions, Tenses, Classroom language, Imperatives / Instructions and Story telling. It is good for kinesthetic learners and it can be embarrassing for shy students. The teacher must be prepared to perform the actionsIt and is only really suitable for beginner levels
Task-based Learning:

It is enjoyable and motivating, the teachers are not responsable on how the students are going to solve the situation. The teachers would give the tools and students need to use them to solve real problems. students need to handle the language or vocabulary in order to get better ideas. Task-based Approach has some clear advantages such as. The students are free of language control. In all five stages they must use all their language resources rather than just practising one pre-selected item. The language explored arises from the students' needs. This need dictates what will be covered in the lesson rather than a decision made by the teacher or the course book.
Content-Based Approach:

The content-based method is that language learning is contextualized and purposeful. The most language is used in the pursuit of a specific goal, the sooner the language is acquired. During the lesson students are focused on learning about something. This could be anything that interests them. Its primary focus is on memorization of verb paradigms, grammar rules, and vocabulary. It can make learning a languages more interesting and motivating. Some students may feel confused or may even feel that they aren’t improving their languages skills.
Cooperative Learning:

Cooperative learning is a successful teaching strategy in which small teams, each with students of different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject. Each member of a team is responsible not only for learning what is taught but also for helping teammates learn, thus creating an atmosphere of achievement. Students work through the assignment until all group members successfully understand and complete it. About disadvantage some students don't work well this team and Aggressive students try to take over.
Eclectic Method:

Eclectic method has implicit all learning theories because it includes other teaching methods and approaches which make possible and affective learning through eclectic method. Eclectic method involves all ages because if it uses different theories and approaches joined to other methods it means that eclectic method is able to work with different ages. Eclectic method develops in all students abilities such as: speaking, reading, listening and writing these are the most important abilities in the learning English
Eclectic method: can adequacy to the proficiency level because it contains methods and approaches that teachers can use with beginner, intermediate and advanced learner. Eclectic method stimulates different intelligence and according with methods and techniques that it applied it can work with authority, concrete, individual and so on learning styles. The main criticism of the eclectic method is that it does not offer any guidance on what basis and by what principles aspects of different methods can be selected and combined. stern (1983).
Communicative Language Teaching:

Communicative competence is the desired goal. The way teachers can focus the teaching of the foreign language in the classroom in such a way that students can communicate in a conscious way, taking into account their real experiences. The main disadvantages are: The teacher cannot know exactly what language the students will use and the mistake is considered to be a part of the learning. In addition, the teacher’s feedback to the students is infrequently.